DOES HYDERABAD BELONG TO ONLY MUSLIMS..PART II

 Dr K Prabhakar Rao

After the fall of Golconda to Mughals  Hyderabad lost its glory and Mughal subedar made Aurangabad as his capital  which is very near to Daulatabad fort.Qamruddin  Chinkhilij Khan (1720- 1748) became the Subedar of Deccan in 1713 under the orders of Farukhsiyar the Mughal emperor in Deccan. The Mughal Empire was struggling on its deathbed with worthless rulers ascending throne one after the other after Bahadur Shah I, son of Aurangzeb who died in 1712.   Sayyad Brothers played dirty politics at Delhi and were king makers. Farooqsiyar followed Zahandar Shah who was killed in 1713.Farooksiyar was murdered in 1719. Rafi-ud-daula and Rafi-ud-darajat one after the other ascended the throne and were murdered in 1719. Mohammed Shah (Rangila) ascended the throne and ruled till 1748. After the death of Faruqsiyar, Chinkhiljkhan had to go back to Malwa where he had to defend his position with arms against the Sayyad brothers. He made himself master of Deccan affairs in 1720. But was summoned back to Delhi to be a Wazir in 1722. He was fed up with palace intrigues and left for Deccan without permission. He fought Mubariz khan sent by Delhi to check him at Sakhar Kheda in Berar on 11 Oct 1724 and slew him.       

                 He became very strong soon  and Mohammed Shah the weak and wretched Mughal emperor at Delhi had to bestow on him the title of Asif Jah and recognize him as the Viceroy of South. With this, he virtually became the ruler of Deccan and independent. He ruled with absolute authority and died on 21 May 1748.Although  he ruled independently he accepted  lordship of Mughals.

                   Soon the war of succession broke in Asifjahi dynasty. Nasir Jung a son and Muzaffar Jung son of his daughter of late Nizam quarreled for the throne and were supported by the English and French. respectively. They were killed in the battles that followed the quarrel, Salabat Jung (1752-1762), another son of Nizam I was     elevated   as the ruler by the French and he ruled for ten years. He however is not recognized as a Nizam. He was overthrown by Nizam Ali khan another Son of late Nizam I and was crowned as Nizam II in 1762. Salabat Jung was deposed and imprisoned and after 15 months was killed in prison. With this, the dynasty settled and there were successive rulers such as Sikandar Jhah, Nasiruddaula, Afzaluddaula, Mir Mahbbob Alikhan (Pasha) and the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali khan. Although there was a gap of 10 years after the death of Nizam I, Only Nizam Ali Khan was recognized as Nizam II. The in - between rulers such as Nasir Jung, Muzaffar Jung and Salabat Jung are not recognized as the Nizams and there was no generation gap between them.

             The dynasty produced seven generations of recognized Nizams till the last Nizam 7 was deposed after Police action by the Indian Armed forces on 17 Sept 1948. Unfortunately, the last Nizam although was a good builder and a man of taste tried his best to remain independent in a changed scenario when India was granted independence on 15 Aug 1947. He was grossly misled and abetted the formation of armed Razakar force of thugs and rapists under the fundamentalist, self-styled Field Marshal Kasim Razvi. The Razakar force that was armed committed grave crimes on Hindu population in the Hyderabad State with the connivances of Prime Minister Layak Ali, Police Chief Deenyar Jung and the Hyderabad Army. It was reenacting of Ghaznavi times. Kasim Razvi even  proclaimed that Asifjahi flag would be hoisted on Red fort in Delhi. There were mass murders, lootings, dacoities, innumerable mass and gang rapes of Hindu women, public killings, burning of trains with the intention of subduing and terrorizing Hindu population. Razkars  killed Hindu infants by bashing them over stones. Shoibulla Khan the editor of Imroz daily in Hyderabad was brutally murdered by the Razakars as the editor opposed the atrocities of Razakars and the policy of Nizam 7.  The Nizam 7 remained a mute spectator to all these inhuman happenings and destiny played its card. He finally had to pay and   loose his kingship after the police action by Indian Union Govt.Hyderabd  city has witness upheavels.  Hyderabad State was merged with Indian Union and with this, the seven-generation rule of dynasty of Nizam I collapsed and ended Thus the great dynasty established by a valiant, able and efficient Qamruddin Chihinkhiljikhan, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asifjah in 1720 collapsed unceremoniously after police action during the rule of Mir Osman Ali khan Bahadur, Nizam-ul—Mulk Asifjah- 7 on 17 Sept 1948.

                     Although Aurangabad was the capital of Nizam I, it was shifted to Hyderabad during the rule of Nizam Ali Khan the Nizam II and from then onwards there was no looking back. Hyderabad slowly flourished. Many palaces were  built and some gardens laid. Two reservoirs were built near Hyderabad for the controlling of Musi river by the last Nizam, Osman ali Khan. Osmania University was also built during the reign of last Nizam.The city became cosmopolitan and many north Indians  from Rajastaan  have settled in Hyderabad. Old city area of Hyderabad  was originally encircled by strong fort walls  and many  gates for protection. With time and and growth of the city, these walls became irrelevant  and most of the wall has been dismantled. Yet the remains if the gates and the ramparts, burz can be seen at various places in old city. Such gates are at Puranapul and Dabirpura  which are still in immaculate condition  displaying the past glory. Originally Hyderabad state of Nizam  during the reign of the last Nizam, had distict areas such as Telangana, Marathwada and and Karnatak. Telangana  had 9 districts such as Warangal, Khammammet, Karimnagar, Mahboobnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Atraf Balda ( Around Hyderabad and now called Ranga Reddy district) and Adilabad (9), Karnataka areas were districts of Gulbarga, Bidar and Raichur (3).  Maharashtrian areas  were covered under districts Nanded, Beed, Aurangabad and Parbhani (4). 

                   The British Government while granting independence  gave options  to the princes in India to either join  Pakistan or India or remain independent. A most all the princes in India joined accordingly while  Junagarh and Hyderabad were stubborn and  remained independent. Junagarh was taken over by India after a plebiscite and the ruler left for Pakistan. Hyderabad under the last Nizam had other plans. It  conducted parleys with Pakistan and prepared itself for a show down with India. Razkar forces ( Militia) under Kasim Razvi ( Majlis Ittehad ul Muslimeen) were raised  to terrorise Hindu population in the state  and they did accordingly.  At last India conducted police action on Sept 17, 1948 Hyderabad Army surrendered to   India armed forces and  Hyderabd was merged with Indian union. A military government was  established under military governor Major General Chaudhry. Armed Telangana communist revolt was suppressed by the new government  and the communists merged with main stream and took part in election process.

                    Nizam 7 was pardoned  and made Rajpramukh of the state. The Indian leaders buckled to pseudo secularism. The souls of raped women, murdered men,   women and children still hover over     Hyderabad even today unable to rest in peace with Nizam  and many of his coterie escaping the noose. They were not punished suitably for their crimes. Thanks to the inefficient Indian leaders. 

                 The state of  Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956 after breaking up Hyderabad state. It was formed merging the areas of Telangana with Andhra state consisting of coastal and Royalaseema areas. Andhra state was carved out of earlier erstwhile Madras state in 1953 with Kurnool as capital.. The Maharashtrian areas of Marathwada of Hyderabad state were given to Maharashtra state while  the areas of Karnatak of Marathwada in Hyderabad state were merged with Karnataka state. Hyderabad became the capital for the new born Andhra Pradesh state and has been making  progress on various fronts.

              Thus  it is noted that  the city of Hyderabad has seen great ups and downs.  Before the city was established the  area originally was in   the province of Kakateeya kings till  1326  an then was under the provincial Naika and Velama rulers . It went over to Bahmani sultans in 1474 and then to Golconda sultans in 1518.  Hyderabad city was constructed  by Mohd kuli Kutubshah in 1591 and  after the fall of Golconda it went over to Mughals in 1687 and then to  Asifjahi kings in 1720.  In 1948 it became part of India .  The city  can not be said to belong to Muslims although they live in sizeable numbers in old city. Sri Mohan babu the cine artist no doubt was ignorant of  the history and out of frustration at the events burst out demanding handing over Hyderabad to Muslims.More over he used offensive words unbefitting him and his stature. May god bless him with more wisdom. Any how, he has been hauled up to court for  hurting sentiments of people and he shall face music  in the court..